To cast the spell, the caster moves their hand in a sideway eight movement. This is the infinity symbol, which denotes something being unlimited or limitless. There are no boundaries, much like the sky that birds soar in. The spell emits a light electric blue light, which, I also associate this with the sky and heaven. However, I'm not sure what this color says about the caster. Perhaps that they are a relaxed and peaceful character? Or that they are wise and trustworthy. Those are the traits I think of when I see blue in general.

Turning others into a bird or flock sounds like it would make a good practical joke, but I feel like this spell was not invented for a prank or malicious reasons. I feel like maybe they could have been a pure person who created this spell for defensive reason. Perhaps they were a peaceful character who wanted to turn an aggressive foe into a tiny manageable bird? It would also be used to overwhelm and confuse the enemy with a flock of bird. Of course, I'd like to think they were just a bird lover like me.

Summoning Charm

In the summoning charm the caster must use the concentration of the mind to pull an object from a distance by either saying the object's name after the incantation or by pointing at the object and saying the incantation. This spell also works even when the object is not on sight or the location is unknown but must be clearly on the spell caster's mind although there are ways to bewitch items to become impervious to this spell. The incantation for the summoning spell is the Latin word ACCIO which means 'I call' or 'I summon'.

The spell is not used on buildings and shouldn't be used on living things since they will travel at very high speeds that may cause injuries. Yet there is controversy on this matter since Harry was able to summon Hagrid on the Battle of the Seven Potters when he fell.

This spell is one of the oldest spells known to wizarding society, yet I couldn't find where it was originated. According to Miranda Goshawk, author of The Standard Book of Spells, Grade 4, the most famous use of this spell was by the Accionites and their leader Gideon Flatworthy. They were an anti-muggle group that refused to move anything without magic and for that reason they became famous for their numerous uses of the Summoning Charm.

This is the wand movement used for Accio yet it produces no visible intermediate effect. To me this looks like a flipped U, the ∩ is used in math as the symbol of intersection which is where two elements are found in both original sets. I see it as when the spell caster and the object summoned are making contact. But also the symbol U is used in chemistry as internal energy which is the sum of kinetic and potential energy. Since kinetic energy is the one possessed by an object in motion and the potential energy the one of a body as a result of its position in a field, I can see why the flipped U can symbolize the summoning charm since it will move an object from it's original position by moving it toward the spell caster so instead of internal energy it can be seen as the released energy of the object after the spell.

The intention of the creator of this spell can be of various reasons since this spell can be useful for many situations yet to have in possession the object you seek is the real reason behind it. I say seeking or reaching are the most potential reasons, it could be in the search of knowledge or power, or could be as simple as pure laziness, need to speed a process, or convenience. Without a doubt this spell is extremely useful and one of my favorite spells learned at school.

[img align=left]https://i.imgur.com/ZV1Sbxs.png?1[/img]The wand movement is a swish and flick. The swish denotes taking flight and the flick symbolizes remaining there. When both moments are performed correctly with the incantation, the caster's wand will produce a pearly blue light. Blue is the color of confidence, technology, and masculinity. Jarleth Hobart certainly embodied all of these traits.

Hobart created this charm to satisfy his ambition. However, it got the better of him because the spell has restrictions. He believed his magic would revolutionize wizarding transportation by allowing people to fly. The reality of the situation was that his Levitation Charm only worked on objects, small animals, and children, and even then the caster had no control over the levitating thing. Furthermore, only clothes could actually be levitated, not human beings. Casters of this spell today practice it with more humble intentions. They are well-aware that even the sky has limits.

Eirik chose the Wideye Potion because he uses it regularly to stay awake during the daytime for class, he is just too young of a vampire to be able to stay awake on his own.

Facts about the Potion

The Wideye Potion, also known as the Awakening Potion, was a potion which prevented the drinker from falling asleep and could also be used to awaken someone from drugging or concussion. It acted as an antidote for the Draught of Living Death. Its recipe can be found in Magical Drafts and Potions.

Difficulty level: beginner

Brewing Instructions

Step one

1. Add 6 Snake fangs to the mortar
2. Add 4 measures of Standard Ingredient to the mortar
3. Add 6 Dried Billywig Stings to your cauldron
4. Heat on a medium temperature for 30 seconds
5. Finely crush the ingredients in the mortar
6. Add 4 measures of the crushed ingredients to your cauldron
7. Stir 3 times, clockwise
8. Wave your wand
9. Leave to brew and return in 8 hours (Copper), 14 hours (Brass), or 23 hours (Pewter).

Step two

1. Add 2 sprigs of Wolfsbane to your cauldron
2. Stir 3 times, anti-clockwise
3. Wave your wand to complete the potion

Brew Times

Pewter Cauldron: 23 hours Brass Cauldron: 14 hours Copper Cauldron: 8 hours

This was all good, but now Eirik had to theorize just why certain things were used, and for what reasons.

Ingredients List

1. Snake fangs. They shouldn't be from venomous snakes. Snakes are considered to be healers, so perhaps their 'weapons' are used to heal the mind and body of its fatigue.

2. Standard Ingredient. Pretty much the basis for all potions, so thats why it is used in this one.

3. Dried Billywig Stings. Well, the stings can make a person float off the ground, and produce a slime that can be extracted for potion making.

These are dried, probably to preserve them so they can become fresh-like when mixed up into a potion.

Used perhaps to raise ones mental capacities when they want to just slip down into sleep ?

4. Wolfsbane Sprigs. These have magical properties. It was once believed that it was an important ingredient in a flying potion.

Wolfsbane is a pain reliever, and seems to affect the brain, so it could be used for those reasons.

Actions

1. stir three times clockwise 3 is a magical number, so it makes sense that you would stir it that many times. A clock wise motion generally indicates moving forward or positive energy.

2. wave your wand rather like finalizing the three stirrings, ending the magic you started so the potion can brew

Brewing times by cauldron type

1. copper -8 hours. Copper conducts energy much better than any other metal used for cauldrons, hence the shorter cooking times.

2. brass - 14 hours. Brass is a combo of copper and usually zinc, so adding the zinc to the metal would cause the cooking times to be longer.

3. pewter - 23 hours. Pewter is mostly made up of tin. Tin is ruled by Jupiter, and some of the things Jupiter brings are success and stimulation.

Therefore, unless I was in a hurry, I would use a pewter cauldron to enhance the strength of my wide eye potion.

Finalizing

add wolfsbane sprigs, then

1. stir three times anti clockwise

This may be to bring about a double negative = positive aspect. Wolfsbane is poisonous, but magical, and this stirring may negate the poison but leave the magic

2. wave your wand.

Once again, a signal that the magic is finished, and end to the process.

Eirik sighed. I guess this all made some sort of sense, but he was seriously doubting he was going to ever be any good at creating new potions or spells. He might be passable at substitutions someday, but yeah...he wouldn't drink anything he tried to modify.

For me, the most interesting charm is the Patronus charm. The Patronus charm is one of the most famous and powerful defensive charms. It is immensely complicated and difficult. The biggest difficulty is that the caster needs to concentrate on a happy thought to be able to produce a positive energy force known as Patronus (pl. Patronuses) – or Spirit Guardian. This Guardian is the primary protcection against Dementors and Lethifolds and as far as it’s known there is no other defence against those.

The patronus represents ones secret, unkown personality. The patronus is the awakened secret self that lies dormant and only awakes in thehighest need. A patruns can take a form the caster might not expect for it can resemble a characteristic he or she might not expect to lie within oneself – or the caster never felt an affinity. Every patronus is unique and even identical twins are known to produce very different patronuses.

To successfully cast the spell, one must muster the happiest memory they can think of (the happier the memory, the better the charm will work) and begin drawing circles with their wand so as to increase the power of their spell. They must then say the incantation, Expecto Patronum; the Patronus will come from the tip of the wand and can be directed towards a target by pointing one's wand at said target.

A successfully conjured Patronus can take two forms: non-corporeal or corporeal, and both types vary greatly in their appearances and strength. Incorporeal "A thin wisp of silver escaped his wand and hovered like mist before him. " An incorporeal Patronus is one which does not resemble any living creature. It few distinguishing features (if any). Incorporeal Patronuses resemble a burst of vapour or smoke without any clearly defined form shooting from the tip of the wand. While they may be partially effective at halting dementors (but not repelling them) and shielding the caster from them, incorporeal Patronuses are not "fully-fledged" Patronuses, and are regarded as a more primitive or weaker version of the true Charm.

Corporeal A corporeal Patronus is one that is fully-formed, taking the shape of bright-white, translucent animal. The specific animal forms that corporeal Patronuses take vary from person to person. Most of those Patronuses reflect an individual's personality. Patronus forms, however, are subject to change if the caster goes through an emotional upheaval. Another way to change the form of a Patronus includes falling in eternal, unchanging love. Some couples are known to produce “complementary” patronuses – that means a male and a female version of the same animal. Most Patronuses are ordinary animals – even though there are wizards who are known for producing Magical creatures as a Patronus. If the caster is an animagus the Patronus is more likely to take the same form as the choosen Animagi animal. The corporeal Patronus is also better at repelling Dementors than the non-corporeal form.

It is evident from old woodcuts and scrolls that the Patronus Charm has been used since ancient times. Therefore, it is unknown who created it, or when it was first invented. The charm also has a long association with those fighting for lofty or noble causes (those able to produce corporeal Patronuses were often elected to high office within the Wizengamot and Ministry of Magic).

I've chosen the Imperius Curse, even though it's obviously not taught at school for being one of the three Unforgiveable Curses(made unforgiveable in 1717). Because of this, it is considered a tool of the Dark Arts. As many spells, the origin of its name is Latin. Imperiosus can be translated to 'commanding, mighty and powerful', though it could also be traced back to imperio which means 'to rule'. One can also refer to the form of a verb acting as a command; the imperative which is the goal of the Imperius Curse.

The Imperius Curse was created by dark witches and wizards, somewhen in the Middle Ages. It was invented to gain control over other people, force them to act upon your will and probably brainwash as well. Some books assume that it was used to put people into slavery, too. As already mentioned, the curse was legal until 1717, when the Wizard's Council was formed into the Ministry of Magic. Any use of it against another human would result in being jailed in Azkaban for the rest of one's life. The three Unforgiveable Curses were made legal for Aurors by Barty Crouch Snr while the First Wizarding War was going on, so they could use them on Death Eaters to achieve victory and end the war. Some Death Eaters claimed that they only followed Voldemort's command because they were under an Imperius Curse - a statement which was later labelled a lie. In the Second Wizarding War, under Voldemort's regime, the three Unforgiveable Curses were legalized again; this time not only for aurors. Everyone was permitted to use them as they please. This got so far that these curses were taught in Hogwarts as well. When the war finally came to an end, the new Minister for Magic, Kingsley Shacklebolt, labelled them illegal again.

The incantation for the Imperius Curse is Imperio and one needs to point the wand at the victim. The light emitted from the wand can be colourless or a yellow-green and if it's for the latter, it will appear as some kind of smoke the victim will inhale. When successfully casted, one will gain total control over the victim. While the caster feels an enormous amount of power over the submissive person under the spell, the victim won't feel any pain but unbelievable relaxed, every worry in their head gone and fully content and happy. It can be described as a peaceful trance. A colourless Imperio is so inconspicuous like the functionality of the curse itself. If it's yellow-green, the colour refers to the experience the caster and the victim will have as yellow stands for enlightment and happiness(this refers to the trance-like state the victim will find itself in). Green stands for something poisonous, as the curse literally poisons the mind of the victim to act upon the caster's orders. It also stands for perseverance, which refers to the caster. One can say that the combination of yellow and green reflects victim and caster, where yellow stands for the victim and green for the caster. A successful Imperius will allow the caster to force the victim into everything - let it be murder, corruption, theft and even suicide. An interesting point is that a victim under the curse can use the Imperius on another person. It should be noted that the Fidelius Charm cannot be broken with the Imperius Curse, as the Secret Keeper must tell the secret on free will.

Like any of the Unforgiveable Curses, the caster needs to have a high level in magical education and a strong will to cast the curse successfully - a poor casted Imperius can damage the victim longlasting. When one decides to end the curse, the victim will become their former self again. If the victim was in pain before - or put into pain while the curse was lasting - they will feel that pain again, as it was only covered by the trance of the curse.

To come to a conclusion, the Imperius Curse can be considered as the least evil curse of the three Unforgiveable Curses as it's not directly harmful. It lays in the caster's intention to inflict harm or merely force someone to do something 'harmless'; like bargaining the victim to sell something for less money. It is even possible to resist the curse if the victim is strong-minded. Concerning the personality traits and the intentions to come up with the Imperius Curse, the most important trait that comes to my mind is being persuasive. The curse literally starts where you reach the end with your words. The creator(s) might have been sadistic, hungry for power and loved being in control. They wanted other people to function exactly the way they imagined, like puppets on a string. As the curse can be used in a great variety, like bewitching a random person into killing the caster's enemy, one can assume that the creators wanted to invent a curse that allowed them to get rid of said enemy without getting their hands dirty. This is a great advantage to the Killing Curse, Avada Kedavra, in my opinion, as the act can't be traced back to the caster. It might be possible, though, but it's a lot more difficult as the evidences would point to the victim under the curse and it wouldn't be efficient to investigate further, which makes the Imperius Curse pretty safe.

The incantations and gestures of the Fidelius Charm are mostly a secret themselves, and even if known, only high leveled wizards and witches would be able to cast a fully functional spell. The few known involve the caster touching the head and heart of the Secret Keeper - who must be a witch or wizard fully capable of understanding the weight of the secret - with their wand, as a symbol of the duty they swore themselves to bear, and the appearance of white-blue threads that bound the Secret Keeper to carry the secret with them. White is a color associated with purity, and blue is a color associated with trust; both mean that the Secret Keeper has the full trust of the caster, and that said trust will not be broken if not by free will.

As a spell created to showcase the full trust of one being on another, the Fidelius Charm's creator most likely meant not only to allow wizards and witches to hide their powerful secrets, but also to motivate a sense of community and trust between those that would volunteer to carry that secret in their own soul.

Little is known about the origins of the spell, but it is believed to belong to a family of other healing spells. The suggested etymology is Greek “episkeu” meaning “repair or restoration”* Traditionally Episkey is used to heal minor injuries. Apparently when the spell is used on a person they feel the area get very hot and then very cold.* There isn’t a very specific wand movement. Basically you just point the wand at the affected area. Generally there isn’t any light or color that comes from your wand because the spell is so quick and simple. So it is great for on the go, subtle healing.

I think that whoever came up with the spell must have been a very quiet unobtrusive person with a soft spot for simple injuries. Maybe someone's mom or caretaker. The fact that there isn’t any light produced from the wand indicated that they were very quiet about their abilities, or they were hiding from something. Perhaps it was a person with a hobby like sewing or cooking where minor needle pokes or burns could be treated quickly with no fuss and without bringing attention to themselves.

• http://wikivisually.com/wiki/Episkey

I've chosen the spell/curse Sectumsempra for consideration. This curse is one that I find fascinating partly because it must most often be studied without actual use. To practice a spell allows greater insight than information alone but some, like the one in question, are too dangerous to use. Sectumsempra is intended for use against living beings so practice on an inanimate object would provide inaccurate results, therefore I will focus on what is known about the curse.

The incantation itself comes from the Latin 'Sectum' meaning 'to cut' and 'Sempra' meaning 'always.' The effect of this curse is a permanent cutting or severing. The cut produced by the curse follows the movement of the caster's wand. For instance, a slight flick of the wand may cause a short cut to appear on the victim, while a wide sweeping slash could take off a head or a limb. This makes Sectumsempra very versatile and exact in its use. This curse is one that does not manifest in a visible magic and therefore has no color. No color might mean that this curse reveals no emotion when cast, which is fitting considering that it is a very exact spell which may be altered subtly to get a job done with finality.

Sectumsempra is considered a new or "modern" curse being created in the 1970's or less likely, the late 1960's. The creator, a young Slytherin, reportedly intended the curse to be used on enemies. This gives the impression that causing harm to others was not against his nature. However, further evidence suggests that the same person created a counter-curse, Vulnera Sanentur. (It is worth noting that this counter-curse will only help if healing a cut and cannot replace a severed body part or make up for blood loss.) This makes it possible that the creator did not wish for this curse to be irreversible, which without this exact counter-curse, it likely would be.

We now have Sectumsempra, a curse which will cause severe damage with only a small chance of reparation, created by someone with a methodical mind and unerring nerve.

Sectumsempra was a spell invented by Severus Snape while he was a student at Hogwarts. It was created for him to use against his enemies. The pronunciation of this incantation is (sec-TUM-semp-ra) and the wand movement is a slashing movement, which makes sense as the spell cuts or slashes the target of the spell. The light that emits from the wand when performing this spell is white. This spell movement and intending action can be said to be angry as it is meant to inflict great harm upon one's enemies.

It can be said that the character trait in creating this spell was anger and loathing. Severus Snape was angry at his enemies, specifically James Potter, and wanted to inflict harm upon him. Snape's hatred caused him to create a very dangerous spell that could do a lot of negative damage in the wrong hands.

Felix Felicis

To make Felix Felicis, a potion invented by Zygmunt Budge, the ingredients needed are an Ashwinder egg, Squill bulb, Murtlap tentacle, Tincture of thyme, Occamy eggshell, and Powdered common rue. Using the incantation 'Felixempra', you should have successfully made yourself some Liquid Luck!

The color of Liquid Luck is molten gold. One would have to be ambitious to come about making this potion. It is very advanced. One would want to get what they most desire to create this potion.

The Wolfsbane Potion was created by Damocles in recent years; or at least no earlier than 1975. Its main ingredient is as the name suggests, wolfsbane (which Muggles also know as aconite or monkshood), which is a highly poisonous substance, and therefore the potion has to be created perfectly each time.

Wolfsbane Potion's colour is shown by the blue smoke rising from it. Not only a calming colour (the potion calms the natural hot-headed nature of a werewolf, and enables the person to retain their human thoughts and feelings, instead of being 'pure wolf'), it is also a cold colour - I believe this comes from the previous decades and centuries where werewolves were given the 'cold shoulder' by their wizarding neighbours, purely out of fear.

The actual wand movement is unspecified, presumably in case any novice potion makers would attempt to create this and end up poisoning people accidentally. However, from the research I've done, the wand movement is likely to be a criss-cross shape over the cauldron. A classic sign from Muggle history, it was used (unsuccessfully of course!) by them to ward off vampires and werewolves.

The intention of the creator was purely to ensure the safety of everyone who was near a werewolf's known location at a full moon, although it has also enabled werewolves to become more involved in the wider Wizarding communities instead of being shunned to live on the outskirts of villages.